Cylindriaceae Crous & L. Lombard, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 1: 183 (2018)
MycoBank number: MB 824770; Index Fungorum number: IF 824770; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06869; 10 species.
Associated with plant substrates, especially leaves. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Mycelium composed of septate, branched, hyaline, smooth-walled hyphae. Conidiophores sporodochial or solitary, erect, hyphae and basal part of conidiophores subcylindrical, septate, branched, becoming pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, with several sympodial flat-tipped loci, unthickened, not darkened. Ramoconidia subcylindrical, guttulate, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia aseptate, arranged in long, branched chains, scars not thickened, slightly refractive, hyaline, smooth-walled (adapted from Crous et al. 2018c).
Type genus – Cylindrium Bonord.
Notes – Cylindrium was considered as Hypocreales incertae sedis by Lombard et al. (2015). Crous et al. (2018c) introduced Cylindriaceae in Hypocreales to accommodate this genus based on phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence data. We maintain Cylindriaceae in Amphisphaeriales based on our phylogenetic anlysis of combined genes and divergence estimates (Figs 2, 4).
Figure 2 – The maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree, using the same dataset from Fig. 1. This analysis was performed in BEAST v1.10.2. The crown age of Sordariomycetes was set with Normal distribution, mean = 250, SD = 30, with 97.5% of CI = 308.8 MYA, and crown age of Dothideomycetes with Normal distribution mean = 360, SD = 20, with 97.5% of CI = 399 MYA. The substitution models were selected based on jModeltest2.1.1; GTR+I+G for LSU, rpb2 and SSU, and TrN+I+G for tef1 (the model TrN is not available in BEAUti 1.10.2, thus we used TN93). Lognormal distribution of rates was used during the analyses with uncorrelated relaxed clock model. The Yule process tree prior was used to model the speciation of nodes in the topology with a randomly generated starting tree. The analyses were performed for 100 million generations, with sampling parameters every 10000 generations. The effective sample sizes were checked in Tracer v.1.6 and the acceptable values are higher than 200. The first 20% representing the burn-in phase were discarded and the remaining trees were combined in LogCombiner 1.10.2., summarized data and estimated in TreeAnnotator 1.10.2. Bars correspond to the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. The scale axis shows divergence times as millions of years ago (MYA).
Figure 2 – Continued
Figure 2 – Continued
Figure 4 – Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 sequence data for Xylariomycetidae. Two hundred and seventy-two strains are included in the combined analyses which comprised 4211 characters (1168 characters for ITS, 937 characters for LSU, 1128 characters for rpb2, 978 characters for tub2) after alignment. Achaetomium macrosporum (CBS 532.94), Chaetomium elatum (CBS 374.66) and Sordaria fimicola (CBS 723.96) are outgroup taxa. Single gene analyses were carried out and the topology of each tree had clade stability. The best RaxML tree with a final likelihood value of – 132297.706952 is presented. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.241914, C = 0.251908, G = 0.265558, T = 0.240620; substitution rates AC = 1.281946, AG = 3.512297, AT = 1.499895, CG = 1.121065, CT = 6.472834, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.678614. Bootstrap support values for ML greater than 75% are given near the nodes. Ex-type strains are in bold. The newly generated sequences are indicated in blue.
Figure – 4 Continued.
Figure – 4 Continued.
Figure – 4 Continued.
Genera