Leptosilliaceae Voglmayr & Jaklitsch, Persoonia 42: 240 (2019)

MycoBank number: MB 829929; Index Fungorum number: IF 829929; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06183; 9 species.

Endophytic, pathogenic or lichenized. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, superficial to partly immersed, scattered or collapsed, black. Ostioles central, papillate, base of canal sulcate, sometimes with hyaline periphyses. Peridium melanized, KOH–, comprises cells of textura angularis or prismatica. Paraphyses septate, occasionally branched, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical, curved or sinuous, with J+, apical ring. Ascospores bi or tri-seriate or fasciculate, hyaline, falcate, lunate, sinuous, sigmoid to hook-shaped, aseptate or septate, not constricted, thin and smooth-walled, with rounded to subacute apices, without appendages or gelatinous sheath. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata superficial to partly immersed, scattered, aggregated or confluent, globose to pyriform, uni or irregularly pluriloculate, black. Conidiomatal wall more or less melanized, textura globulosa or angularis. Conidiophores hyaline, short with arising from the inner layer of the peridium. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical to lageniform. Conidiogenesis enteroblastic phialidic or holoblastic with sympodial proliferation to both types. Conidia falcate or filiform, aseptate, hyaline, allantoid, thin-walled (adapted from Voglmayr et al. 2019a) .

Type genus – Leptosillia Höhn.

Notes – Leptosilliaceae was introduced by Voglmayr et al. (2019a) which belongs to Xylariales and is morphologically similar to Delonicicolaceae, but differs in ascomata structure. Only one genus, Leptosillia is recognized in the family based on molecular and morphology data (Voglmayr et al. 2019a). Voglmayr et al. (2019a) clearly showed Leptosillia should be placed in the Xylariales with strong evidence from ITS and LSU analyses. However, in this study we accept this family under Delonicicolales, based on high statistical support (Figs. 1, 2, 4).

Figure 1 – Maximum likelihood (ML) majority rule combined LSU, SSU, tef1 and rpb2 consensus tree for the analyzed Sordariomycetes isolates. Families are indicated in yellow and green coloured blocks and orders are indicated in dark and light grey coloured blocks. RAxML bootstrap support values (MLB above 50 %) are given at the nodes. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree is rooted with Botryotinia fuckeliana (AFTOL ID-59), Dothidea sambuci (DAOM 231303), and Pyxidiophora arvernensis (AFTOL-ID 2197).

Figure 1 – Continued.

Figure 1 – Continued.

Figure 2 – The maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree, using the same dataset from Fig. 1. This analysis was performed in BEAST v1.10.2. The crown age of Sordariomycetes was set with Normal distribution, mean = 250, SD = 30, with 97.5% of CI = 308.8 MYA, and crown age of Dothideomycetes with Normal distribution mean = 360, SD = 20, with 97.5% of CI = 399 MYA. The substitution models were selected based on jModeltest2.1.1; GTR+I+G for LSU, rpb2 and SSU, and TrN+I+G for tef1 (the model TrN is not available in BEAUti 1.10.2, thus we used TN93). Lognormal distribution of rates was used during the analyses with uncorrelated relaxed clock model. The Yule process tree prior was used to model the speciation of nodes in the topology with a randomly generated starting tree. The analyses were performed for 100 million generations, with sampling parameters every 10000 generations. The effective sample sizes were checked in Tracer v.1.6 and the acceptable values are higher than 200. The first 20% representing the burn-in phase were discarded and the remaining trees were combined in LogCombiner 1.10.2., summarized data and estimated in TreeAnnotator 1.10.2. Bars correspond to the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. The scale axis shows divergence times as millions of years ago (MYA).

Figure 2 – Continued.

Figure 2 – Continued.

Figure 4 – Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 sequence data for Xylariomycetidae. Two hundred and seventy-two strains are included in the combined analyses which comprised 4211 characters (1168 characters for ITS, 937 characters for LSU, 1128 characters for rpb2, 978 characters for tub2) after alignment. Achaetomium macrosporum (CBS 532.94), Chaetomium elatum (CBS 374.66) and Sordaria fimicola (CBS 723.96) are outgroup taxa. Single gene analyses were carried out and the topology of each tree had clade stability. The best RaxML tree with a final likelihood value of – 132297.706952 is presented. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.241914, C = 0.251908, G =
0.265558, T = 0.240620; substitution rates AC = 1.281946, AG = 3.512297, AT = 1.499895, CG = 1.121065, CT = 6.472834, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.678614. Bootstrap support values for ML greater than 75% are given near the nodes. Ex-type strains are in bold. The newly generated sequences are indicated in blue.

Figure – 4 Continued.

Figure – 4 Continued.

Figure – 4 Continued.

Genera