Saproamanita manicata (Berk. & Broome) Redhead, Vizzini, Drehmel & Contu IMA Fungus 7: 123 (2016)

Index Fungorum number: IF 816358; MycoBank number: MB 816358; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09965; Fig. 1

Pileus 5–12 cm wide, at first hemispherical then convexcampanulate; surface pale orange (5A3) to brownish orange (6C7), initially covered by universal veil which disrupts into soft, detessile, floccoso-verucose squamules; margin initially curved, appendiculate with large, vela floccose fragments, not striate, finally revolute. Lamellae free, up to 12 mm wide, whitish to pinkish tint, with 2–4 series of lamellulae. Stipe 8–15×1–2 cm, cylindic, sometimes slightly inflated at the base, solid; surface white (5A1) becoming pale orange (5A3) to brownish orange (6C7), densely floccoso-squamose above, white but bruising ochraceous buff. Annulus superior, densely floccoso-squamose. Volva reduced to remnants concentrated over the middle of stipe and forming tawny brown squamules, covering the friable annular zone of the partial veil. Context up to 10 mm thick, white, soft spongy, consisting of loosely woven, thin-wall hyphae, 5–20 µm in diam. Odour strong, sweet, and unpleasant. Basidiospores 7–8.5×5.5–8 µm, Q=1, Qm =1±0.5, subglobose, hyaline, amyloid. Basidia 35–50×9–13 µm, clavate, bearing four sterigmata. Lamell-edge not recovered. Hymenophoral trama bilateral, hyaline, with inflated, divergent hyphae 3–6 µm wide. Subhymenial layer pseudoparenchymatous. Pileipellis composed of radially arranged, filamentous hyphae 4–7 µm wide. Velar squamules formed by chains of detersile elements, up to 35 µm in diameter, cylindric to fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled. Stipe trama composed of longitudinally arranged, clavate terminal cells, 85–125×15–25 µm, filamentous hyphae scattered to abundant, 4–8 µm wide; vascular hyphae scarce. Clamp connections absent in all issue types.

Habitat – scattered on the ground in grassland and forest.

Distribution – Known from Dominican Republic, New Zealand Sri Lanka, Thailand, and USA (Hawaiian Islands) (Petch 1910; Pegler 1986; Hemmes and Desjardin 2008; Vizzini et al. 2016).

Material examined – THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Muang District, Chiang Mai University, 18°48′9″ N 98°57′5″ E, 339 msl, on the ground in grassland, 4 May 2019, J. Kumla and N. Suwannarach, SDBR-CMU-NK0356, new record.

GenBank number – ITS=MW648326, LSU=MW648589, TEF1-α=MW659711.

Notes – The multigene phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU and TEF1-α sequence data (Fig. 2) indicate that S. manicata was clearly distinguishable from other Saproamanita species forming a monophyletic clade with 100% MLBS, 1.00 BYPP support. It formed a sister taxon to S. flavofloccosa and S. foetidissima with 88% MLBS, 0.98 BYPP support. Saproamanita flavofloccosa (Fig. 1) can be distinguished from S. manicata by its subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (6.5–13×5.5–9 µm, Qm =1) (Purushothama and Natarajan 1987; Senthilarasu 2014). Saproamanita foetidissima has broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores (8–11.5×7–9 µm, Qm =1) which is quite different from S. manicata (Reid and Eicker 1991).

Figure 1 – Saproamanita manicata (SDBR-CMU-NK0356, new record). a Basidiomata. b Basidiospores. c Basidia. Scale bars: a=5 cm, b=5 µm, c=10 µm

Figure 2 – Phylogenetic tree derived from maximum likelihood analysis of a combined ITS, LSU and TEF1-α genes of 26 sequences and the aligned dataset was comprised of 2352 characters including gaps (ITS: 1–923, LSU: 924–1788 and TEF1-α: 1789–2352). The average standard deviation of the split frequencies of the BI analysis was 0.00535. A best scoring RAxML tree was established with a final ML optimization likelihood value of − 10465.4175. The matrix had 949 distinct alignment patterns with 48.95% undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were found to be: A=0.2711, C=0.2011, G=0.2422, T=0.2850; substitution rates AC=1.2478, AG=2.7197, AT=1.6015, CG=0.6534, CT=3.9595, GT=1.0000; proportion of invariable sites=0.0700 and gamma distribution=1.0010. Amanita phalloides HKAS75773 and Amanita vestita HKAS75773 were used as outgroup. Numbers above branches are the bootstrap statistics percentages equal to or greater than 70% (MLBS, left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities equal to or greater than 0.95 (BYPP, right). Ex-type strains are in bold and newly generated sequence is in blue