Ophiostomatales Benny & Kimbr., Mycotaxon 12(1): 48 (1980)
MycoBank number: MB 90489; Index Fungorum number: IF 90489; Facesofungi number: FoF 09679;
This order was introduced by Benny & Kimbrough (1980) for Ophiostomataceae, while Kathistaceae was added by Malloch & Blackwell (1990). In our phylogenetic analyses generated from LSU, ITS, tub2 and SSU sequence data Ophiostomataceae formed a monophyletic clade with Kathistaceae with high statistical support (99% ML, 0.99 PP) (Fig. 20). Nevertheless, based on phylogenetic analysis, Subbaromyces splendens (strain U63552), a species in Ophiostomataceae, grouped with Kathistaceae. However, the type genus Subbaromyces lacks sequence data and recollection and sequencing is needed to confirm its position. Ophiostomataceae comprises 13 genera of which sequence data is available for 11 genera (Wijayawardene et al. 2018a). Kathistaceae comprises three genera and sequence data are available for only Kathistes (Wijayawardene et al. 2018a). The divergence time for Ophiostomatales is estimated as 91 MYA (Fig. 2). Currently there are two families and 16 genera in this order (this paper).
Figure 2 – The maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree, using the same dataset from Fig. 1. This analysis was performed in BEAST v1.10.2. The crown age of Sordariomycetes was set with Normal distribution, mean = 250, SD = 30, with 97.5% of CI = 308.8 MYA, and crown age of Dothideomycetes with Normal distribution mean = 360, SD = 20, with 97.5% of CI = 399 MYA. The substitution models were selected based on jModeltest2.1.1; GTR+I+G for LSU, rpb2 and SSU, and TrN+I+G for tef1 (the model TrN is not available in BEAUti 1.10.2, thus we used TN93). Lognormal distribution of rates was used during the analyses with uncorrelated relaxed clock model. The Yule process tree prior was used to model the speciation of nodes in the topology with a randomly generated starting tree. The analyses were performed for 100 million generations, with sampling parameters every 10000 generations. The effective sample sizes were checked in Tracer v.1.6 and the acceptable values are higher than 200. The first 20% representing the burn-in phase were discarded and the remaining trees were combined in LogCombiner 1.10.2., summarized data and estimated in TreeAnnotator 1.10.2. Bars correspond to the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. The scale axis shows divergence times as millions of years ago (MYA).
Figure 2 – Continued.
Figure 2 – Continued.
Figure 20 – Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU ITS and tub2 sequence data of Ophiostomatales and Phomatosporales. Sixty-six strains are included in the combined analyses which comprised 2897 characters (584 characters for LSU, 985 characters for SSU, 737 characters for ITS, 591 characters for tub2) after alignment. Ophioceras dolichostomum (CBS 114926) (Ophioceraceae, Magnaporthales) and Nakataea oryzae (ATCC 44754) (Magnaporthaceae, Magnaporthales) are used as outgroup taxa. Tree topology of the maximum likelihood analysis is similar to the Bayesian analysis. The best RaxML tree with a final likelihood value of – 21546.866789 is presented. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.213168, C = 0.292921, G = 0.285293, T = 0.208619; substitution rates AC = 1.227359, AG = 2.074779, AT = 1.607139, CG = 1.020705, CT = 4.744232, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.294947. Bootstrap support values for ML greater than 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 0.90 are given near the nodes. Ex-type strains are in bold.
Families