Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1(1): 6 (1997)

MycoBank number: MB 501501; Index Fungorum number: IF 501501; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06512;

Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016b) accepted Conioscyphales, Coronophorales, Falcocladiales, Glomerellales, Hypocreales, Melanosporales, Microascales, Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales in Hypocreomycetidae. Yang et al. (2016b) introduced Fuscosporellales to the subclass based on LSU, SSU and rpb2 sequence data. Hongsanan et al. (2017) placed Fuscosporellales and Pleurotheciales in the newly introduced subclass Savoryellomycetidae. The families Etheirophoraceae, Juncigenaceae and Torpedosporaceae have previously been treated in Torpedosporales by Jones et al. (2015), but Torpedosporales was maintained in Hypocreomycetidae, incertae sedis by Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015). Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016b) accepted Torpedosporales in Hypocreomycetidae and this was confirmed by Hongsanan et al. (2017) based on the divergent time estimates. Later, Parasympodiellales was added to the subclass by Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2017). Our phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU, SSU, tef1, rpb2 sequence data (Figs. 1, 24) also supports the placement of Torpedosporales in Hypocreomycetidae. Currently there are seven orders (Coronophorales, Falcocladiales, Glomerellales, Hypocreales, Microascales, Parasympodiellales and Torpedosporales) and 37 families in this subclass (Hyde et al. 2017a, this paper). The divergence time for Hypocreomycetidae has been estimated as 256.5 MYA (Fig. 2). The orders in this subclass are mostly well-supported in our analysis, except Torpedosporales (Fig. 1).

Figure 1 – Maximum likelihood (ML) majority rule combined LSU, SSU, tef1 and rpb2 consensus tree for the analyzed Sordariomycetes isolates. Families are indicated in yellow and green coloured blocks and orders are indicated in dark and light grey coloured blocks. RAxML bootstrap support values (MLB above 50 %) are given at the nodes. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree is rooted with Botryotinia fuckeliana (AFTOL ID-59), Dothidea sambuci (DAOM 231303), and Pyxidiophora arvernensis (AFTOL-ID 2197).

Figure 1 – Continued.

Figure 1 – Continued.

Figure 2 – The maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree, using the same dataset from Fig. 1. This analysis was performed in BEAST v1.10.2. The crown age of Sordariomycetes was set with Normal distribution, mean = 250, SD = 30, with 97.5% of CI = 308.8 MYA, and crown age of Dothideomycetes with Normal distribution mean = 360, SD = 20, with 97.5% of CI = 399 MYA. The substitution models were selected based on jModeltest2.1.1; GTR+I+G for LSU, rpb2 and SSU, and TrN+I+G for tef1 (the model TrN is not available in BEAUti 1.10.2, thus we used TN93). Lognormal distribution of rates was used during the analyses with uncorrelated relaxed clock model. The Yule process tree prior was used to model the speciation of nodes in the topology with a randomly generated starting tree. The analyses were performed for 100 million generations, with sampling parameters every 10000 generations. The effective sample sizes were checked in Tracer v.1.6 and the acceptable values are higher than 200. The first 20% representing the burn-in phase were discarded and the remaining trees were combined in LogCombiner 1.10.2., summarized data and estimated in TreeAnnotator 1.10.2. Bars correspond to the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. The scale axis shows divergence times as millions of years ago (MYA).

Figure 2 – Continued.

Figure 2 – Continued.