Hyphoderma australosetigerum M. Dueñas, Telleria & M.P. Martín, sp. nov.

Index Fungorum number: IF 834614; MycoBank number: MB 834614; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09204; Fig. 1

Etymology – From Latin “australis” which means southern and “setigerum” refers to morphological imilarity of this species with Hyphoderma setigerum (Fr.) Donk.

Holotype – 13970MD, MA-Fungi 92235

Colour codes follow – ISCC-NBS Centroid Colour Charts (Kelly and Judd 1976)

Basidiomata resupinate, orbicular to confluent, porosereticulate under the lens, adnate; hymenophore smooth, under the lens pilose by the projecting cystidia; white (92. Y White) to greyish (264. L Gray). Margin thin, fimbriate, not differentiated. Hyphal system monomitic. Hyphae thin- to thick-walled, 3–4 μm wide, with clamps, loosely interwoven in the subiculum and more densely interwoven in the subhymenium. Cystidia cylindrical, multi-septate, with clamps, thick-walled except for the apical cell, at first naked then encrusted, apex obtuse, 108–160×10–11 μm. Basidia subclaviform to claviform, four sterigmata, 18–30×5–6 μm, with basal clamp. Spores narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical, 9–11(–12)×4.5–5(–5.5) μm, (x̅=10×5 μm), hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, with oil drops in the protoplasm, Q (L/W)=2.

Habitat and distribution – Frequent in the Chilean Patagonian region, both on typical species of the Valdivian temperate rainforest such as Lophosoria quadripinnata, Eucryphia cordifolia, and in plantations of Eucalyptus globulus or Pinus radiata. 

Material examined – CHILE, Los Lagos, Palena, Hornopirén, comuna Hualaihué, Huinay Biological Reserve, path to Cerro del Tambor, 42°22′50.9″ S 72°24′54.7″ W, 34 msl, on Eucryphia cordifolia, 25 April 2012, M. Dueñas, M.P. Martín and M.T. Telleria, 13970MD (MA-Fungi 92235, holotype); 13995MD (MA-Fungi 92240); on fallen branches, 13983MD (MA-Fungi 92234). Los Lagos, Palena, Hornopirén, comuna Hualaihué, Huinay Biological Reserve, path to Cerro del Tambor, 42°22′50.6″ S 72°24′50.6″ W, 202 msl, on Lophosoria quadripinnata, 7 May 2013, M. Dueñas, M.P. Martín and M.T. Telleria, 20070Tell. (MAFungi 92236); on unidentified wood, 20089Tell. (MAFungi 92233). Los Lagos, Palena, Hornopirén, comuna Hualaihué, Huinay Biological Reserve, path to Cerro del Tambor, behind the hydroelectric power station, 42°22′54.2″ S 72°24′53.5″ W, 202 msl, on Lophosoria quadripinnata, 8 May 2013, M. Dueñas, M.P. Martín and M.T. Telleria, 14580MD (MA-Fungi 92239). Los Lagos, Palena, Hornopirén, comuna Hualaihué, Huinay Biological Reserve, “Cementerio de los Alerces” experimental plot, 42°22′01.5″ S 72°24′57.8″ W, 50 msl, on unidentified wood, 10 May 2013, M. Dueñas, M.P. Martín and M.T. Telleria, 3636MPM (MA-Fungi 92241). Los Ríos, Ranco, comuna de La Unión, T-80 road, km 27.500, 40°15′53.9″ S 73°18′45.0″ W, 188 msl, on Pinus radiata, 6 November 2017, M. Dueñas, J. Fernández López, M.P. Martín, S. Nogal-Prata and M.T. Telleria, 15624MD (MA-Fungi 92238). Los Ríos, Ranco, comuna de La Unión, T-80 road, km 18, Putraro detour, 40°18′12.0″ S 73°14′15.0″ W, 82 msl, on Eucalyptus globulus, 6 November 2017, M. Dueñas, J. Fernández López, M.P. Martín, S. Nogal-Prata and M.T. Telleria, 508JFL (MAFungi 92237).

GenBank numbers – 13970MD, MA-Fungi 92235 (holotype): ITS = MN963764; 13995MD, MA-Fungi 92240: ITS = MN963760; 13983MD, MA-Fungi 92234: ITS = MN963763; 20070Tell., MA-Fungi 92236: ITS = MN963765; 20089Tell., MA-Fungi 92233: ITS = MN963762; 14580MD, MA-Fungi 92239: ITS = MN963759; 3636MPM, MA-Fungi 92241: ITS = MN96376; 15624MD, MA-Fungi 92238: ITS = MN963758; 508JFL, MA-Fungi 92237: ITS=MN963757.

Notes – Based on ITS analysis (Fig. 2), 11 sequences of Hyphoderma australosetigerum clustered together in their own clade (68% MPBS, 88% MLBS, 1.00 BYPP); nine obtained from our Chilean specimens and two from GenBank sequences from Argentina. Two sequences from GenBank under H. setigerum from South Africa are quite close to those of the new species. Hyphoderma australosetigerum grouped close to different clades from Nilsson et al. (2003) under H. setigerum: 1A (Germany, Norway, Romania and Russia), 1B (Greenland), 2 (Canada), 3A (Canada), 3B (USA), 4 (Norway, UK), and 6 (Canada). As well as with two sequences from GenBank under H. setigerum from the USA, and clade 5 (Nilsson et al. 2003) from China and Japan under H. nudicephalum. On the other hand, H. setigerum s.str and H. subsetigerum (clades 7A and 7B) from Nilsson et al. (2003) grouped close to H. pinicola described from China by Yurchenko and Wu (2014).

Figure 1 – Hyphoderma australosetigerum (13970MD, MA-Fungi 92235, holotype). a Basidiomata dry specimen. b Hymenophore. c Septate cystidium. d Septate and encrusted cystidium. e Basal hyphae thick-walled, with clamps. f Basidium and probasidia. g Spores. Scale bars: a, b=5 mm, c–e=20 µm, f–g=10 µm

Figure 2 – Phylogram generated from Bayesian analysis based on newly-generated ITS sequence data and including sequences mainly from Nilsson et al. (2003) and Yurchenko and Wu (2014); Cerrena unicolor, Panus lecomtei, Spongipellis delectans and S. pachyodon are included as outgroup. The alignment comprises 701 characters. Maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses were also performed; the tree topologies were similar to the Bayesian one. Bootstrap values for MP and ML analyses equal to or greater than 50%, and posterior probabilities of the Bayesian analysis are labeled on the nodes. The newly generated sequence is in blue bold