Graphis parilis Kremp., Flora, Regensburg 59: 422 (1876)

Index Fungorum number: IF 386052; Mycobank number: MB 386052; Facesoffungi number: FoF 16054; Fig. 1

= Graphina parilis (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Bull. Soc. R. Bot. Belg. 32(no. 1): 152 (1893)

Thallus crustose, corticolous, corticate, surface smooth, continuous to cracked, greenish yellow to greenish grey, surrounded by a thin black hypothallus. Ascocarp lirellate black, erumpent to prominent, long, flexuous to curved, branched, with a thick thalline margin up to the top, ends acute, 0.5–10 × 0.1–0.2 mm. Disc concealed. Labia striate, black, not pruinose. Exciple convergent, 3–8 striate, yellowish brown, present at the base, apically carbonized. Epithecium granular, brown. Hymenium hyaline, clear, I–, KI–,100–170 μm high. Subhymenium hyaline, 10–16 μm high. Ascospores 2–8 per ascus, hyaline, muriform, oblong, I+violet, (38–) 40–75 (–85)×13–25 μm.

Secondary chemistry – Stictic acid detected by TLC; K+yellow.

Material examined – INDIA, Maharashtra, Satara, Thoseghar (17°˚ 36′ 05″ N, 73° 52′ 17″ E,+1106 msl.), 30 September 2021, P. A. Ansil and K. C. Rajeshkumar, (AMH21.53, AMH21.63); Tamhini village (18° 27′ 14″ N, 73° 26′ 04″ E,+628 msl.), 05 September 2021, P. A. Ansil and K. C. Rajeshkumar (AMH21.28).

GenBank numbers – AMH21.53: mtSSU = OR807881, LSU = OR807875, rpb2 = OR806898; AMH21.63: mtSSU = OR807882, LSU = OR807876; AMH21.28: mtSSU=OR807883, LSU=OR807877, rpb2=OR806899.

Notes – This study presents the phylogenetic placement of Graphis parilis. G. parilis is similar to G. panhalensis in external morphology, thallus chemistry, spore size, and septation. However, G. parilis differs by 2–8 spores per ascus and I+ascospores when compared to G. panhalensis, having 8 spores per ascus and broader I+ascospores. The phylogenetic analyses using combined mtSSU, LSU and rpb2 sequences placed G. parilis as a weakly supported clade sister to. G. panhalensis.

Figure 1 – Graphis parilis (AMH21.63). a, b Thallus. c Cross section of lirellae. d hymenium. e–h Ascus showing ascospores. i, j I+ascospore. k, l Ascospore. Scale bars: a=1 mm, b=200 µm, c–d=50 µm, e–h=20 µm, i–l=10 µm