Diatrypaceae Nitschke, Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. 26: 73 (1869)

MycoBank number: MB 80692; Index Fungorum number: IF 80692; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00679; 599 species.

Saprobic or pathogenic on woody plants. Sexual morph: Stromata eustromatic or pseudostromatic, well-developed, immersed to erumpent, rarely superficial, mostly black or dark brown, with somewhat carbonaceous outer layer, inner layer pale, loosely packed, parenchymatous. Ascomata perithecial, immersed in stromatic tissues, mostly brown to black, globose to subglobose, with ostiolar necks. Ostioles sulcate, inner layer covered with hyaline, periphyses. Peridium consists of two layers, an inner hyaline layer and an outer layer of brown to black cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses long, wide, branched, septate. Asci 8-spored or polysporous, rarely 1-spored or 2-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, clavate to pyriform, fusiform, with a very long pedicel, with a truncate apex, with a J-, or J+, apical ring. Ascospores crowded, most hyaline to light brown, rarely jet-black, allantoid, ellipsoidal, globose or filiform. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous, astromatic, occurring on host asacervuli. Conidiomata acervuli sub cortical, erumpent, yellow to red, with branched conidiophores and in culture as pycnidia, superficial, solitary or aggregated, yellow, dark brown to black, subconical, globose to subglobose, and thick peridium, comprising brown, thick- walled cells of textura angularis with branched conidiophores, arising from pseudoparenchymatous cells or interwoven hyphae. Conidiogenous cells in dense palisades, cylindrical, straight or curved, apically distorted or annulated. Conidia filiform, curved, or rarely straight with flattened base and blunt apex, hyaline (adapted from Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b).

Type genusDiatrype Fr.

Notes – Diatrypaceae was introduced by Nitschke (1869) and is typified by Diatrype. Diatrypaceae is a well-studied group. Recent studies of Diatrypaceae include de Almeida et al. (2016), Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016b), Senwanna et al. (2017) and Shang et al. (2017, 2018). Hongsanan et al. (2017) provided a phylogenetic analysis and MCC tree with good support in Xylariomycetidae for the family, where it occurs in Xylariales (Fig. 4). Neoeutypella was introduced by Phookamsak et al. (2019) based on the phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS and tub2 sequence dataset and its unique morphology. Halocryptovalsa was introduced by Dayarathne et al. (2019b) from marine habitats.