Diaporthales Nannf., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. upsal., Ser. 4 8(no. 2): 53 (1932)

MycoBank number: MB 90468; Index Fungorum number: IF 90468; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00593;

The order comprises terrestrial or aquatic taxa on plants, animals or in soil, which are saprobes, endophytes, and pathogens (Senanayake et al. 2017a, 2018). This order has been extensively revisited and new information on its taxonomy, morphology, ecology, mode of life, and biotechnological potential have been reported (Alvarez et al. 2016, Senanayake et al. 2017a, 2018, Braun et al. 2018, Carvalho et al. 2018, Fan et al. 2018, Pádua et al. 2019). This order is characterized by sexual morph with solitary or aggregated perithecia sometimes with long papilla, 2–32-spored, unitunicate asci having a conspicuous refractive ring and the asexual morph is generally coelomycetous, although rarely hyphomycetous (Rossman et al. 2007, Senanayake et al. 2018). Several research publications suggested that combined LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tef1 sequence data provides the best resolution for the order. However, SSU, calM, tub2 and act have been used in some cases to resolve the inter-generic taxonomic complications. The divergence time for Diaporthales has been estimated as 180 MYA (Fig. 2). Currently, there are 30 families and 181 genera in this order (this paper).

Figure 2 – The maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree, using the same dataset from Fig. 1. This analysis was performed in BEAST v1.10.2. The crown age of Sordariomycetes was set with Normal distribution, mean = 250, SD = 30, with 97.5% of CI = 308.8 MYA, and crown age of Dothideomycetes with Normal distribution mean = 360, SD = 20, with 97.5% of CI = 399 MYA. The substitution models were selected based on jModeltest2.1.1; GTR+I+G for LSU, rpb2 and SSU, and TrN+I+G for tef1 (the model TrN is not available in BEAUti 1.10.2, thus we used TN93). Lognormal distribution of rates was used during the analyses with uncorrelated relaxed clock model. The Yule process tree prior was used to model the speciation of nodes in the topology with a randomly generated starting tree. The analyses were performed for 100 million generations, with sampling parameters every 10000 generations. The effective sample sizes were checked in Tracer v.1.6 and the acceptable values are higher than 200. The first 20% representing the burn-in phase were discarded and the remaining trees were combined in LogCombiner 1.10.2., summarized data and estimated in TreeAnnotator 1.10.2. Bars correspond to the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. The scale axis shows divergence times as millions of years ago (MYA).

Figure 2 – Continued.

Figure 2 – Continued.