Cladorrhinum – Facesoffungi number: FoF 13545

Cladorrhinum Sacc. & Marchal, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 24: 64. (1885)

MycoBank number: MB 7678; Index Fungorum number: IF 7678; Facesoffungi number: FoF 13545; 11 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2020), 9 species with sequence data.

Sexual morph Ascomata ostiolate or non-ostiolate, superficial to immersed, solitary or aggregated, globose to subglobose, ovoid, conical, obpyriform or broadly obpyriform, covered with hypha-like ascomatal hairs or by aerial mycelium, or a dense tomentum of thick-walled hairs; ascomatal wall membranaceous, semi-translucent to opaque, textura angularis, textura intricata or textura epidermoidea in surface view, or sometimes composed of patches or indistinct areoles; neck cylindrical, black, opaque, carbonaceous, often covered by rigid, septate hairs. Paraphyses absent or present, filiform-vetricose. Asci unitunicate, eight-spored, cylindrical, narrowly clavate, pyriform, obovoid or fusiform, short- or long-stipitate, without or with a thin or thick apical ring, evanescent. Ascospores uniseriate into the asci, one- or two-celled. One-celled ascospores ochraceous or olivaceous brown to dark brown, ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform, ovoid or obovoid, smooth-walled, with a germ pore at each end or with an apical germ pore, a diffuse sheath surrounding the whole spore sometimes present; gelatinous cauda absent or present, attached to each end. Two-celled ascospores biseriate or triseriate, at first hyaline, one-celled, vermiform, slightly sigmoid or geniculate only below, smooth-walled, then swelling above, becoming transversely septate and two-celled; upper cell brown, ellipsoidal, truncate at the base, conical above with an apical germ pore; lower cell cylindrical, collapsing; gelatinous cauda attached to each end. Asexual morph absent or present. Conidiophores micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells mostly intercalary, occasionally terminal, originating as a lateral or terminal peg-like structure with a flaring collarette. Conidia enteroblastic, one-celled, hyaline, broadly obovoid, ellipsoidal or subglobose, usually with a truncated base and a rounded apex, smooth-walled.

Type species – Cladorrhinum foecundissimum Sacc. & Marchal

Notes – Cladorrhinum was introduced for asexually reproducing species in 1885 by Saccardo & Marchal, and the sexual morphs have been linked to Apiosordaria and Cercophora (Mouchacca & Gams 1993). The species with Cladorrhinum asexual morphs, Apiosordaria verruculosa, Cercophora samala, C. striata, and Podospora fimiseda, are phylogenetically closely related (Cai et al. 2006b). Two species from Thielavia (Th. hyalocarpa and Th. intermedia) were placed in Cladorrhinum based on their phylogenetic affinities with the type species of this genus. Therefore, this genus is re-defined to accommodate sexually producing species. Phylogenetic evidence indicated that the morphologically defined Cladorrhinum is polyphyletic (Carmarán et al. 2015). Based on the phylogenetic analysis (Wang et al. 2019a), Cladorrhinum bulbillosum and Clad. phialophoroides, belong to the redefined genera Podospora and Triangularia, respectively. Further work is needed to delimit the phylogenetic position of the Cladorrhinum species.

Cladorrhinum is found in soil as saprobes on dung or plant material (Lewis & Larkin 1998, Madrid et al. 2011), or in roots as endophytes (Gasoni & Stegman de Gurfinkel 1997). Also, C. foecundissimum and some species have activity against damping-off of the various crops caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum (Domsch & Gams 1968, Lewis & Larkin 1998, Gasoni & Gurfinkel 2009).

Key to species of Cladorrhinum

Species