Calonarius pulcher Niskanen, Liimat., & Bojantchev, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF 900303; Mycobank number: MB 900303; Facesoffungi number: FoF 14860; Figs. 1d, 2d, 3
Etymology – The epiteth pulcher means beautiful, nobel.
Holotype – K-M 001434092.
Pileus 8–12 cm in diam, at first hemispherical, then low convex, reddish brown, edge purple when young, yellow when old. Lamellae crowded, at first pale brownish grey, later pale brown. Stipe 6–8 cm long, 2–3 cm thick at the apex, up to 5 cm at the base, with a marginate bulb, yellowish white, sometimes with a purple tint when young, base becoming reddish brown when handled. Context in pileus and lower part of the stipe yellow, at the upper part of stipe white, with a purplish tint at least when young. Universal veil yellow, at the margin of the bulb. Mycelium white (to yellow). Odour indistinct or very faintly aniseed. Basidiospores 10.5–12 ×6.5–7.5 µm, broadly citriform, moderately to strongly, coarsely verrucose. Some basidia with brownish purplish-red granulose contents in 5% KOH. ITS sequence (GenBank ON843396, ex holotype) distinct from other members of Calonarius and with 97% similarity to the closest known species C. saxamontanus.
Habitat and distribution – In coniferous forests on calcareous ground and so far known from Alaska, USA.
Material examined – USA, Alaska, Fairbanks, Ballaine Lake trails, NE of University campus, Picea dominated forest with some Betula, Populus, Salix and Alnus, on rich ground, 14 August 2011, K. Liimatainen, T. Niskanen 11-060, 001434092 (holotype in K-M; isotype in H).
GenBank number – ITS=ON843396.
Notes – Calonarius pulcher has pale brownish grey lamellae when young, purple tints occur in the pileus and stipe at least when young, and the basidiospores are broadly citriform and rather large. The pileus is reddish brown with a purple edge when young and yellow when old. The species belongs to Calonarius subgenus Calonarius.
Figure 1 – Basidiomes of the species of the genus Calonarius. a Calonarius caesiofulvus (K-M 001434088, holotype). b Calonarius nobilis (K-M 001434089, holotype). c Calonarius pacificus (K-M 001434090, holotype). d Calonarius pulcher (K-M 001434092, holotype). e Calonarius subcorrosus (K-M 001434093, holotype). Photographs: a Matthew E. Smith, b–e Kare Liimatainen
Figure 2 – Basidiomes of the species of the genus Calonarius. a Calonarius caesiofulvus (K-M 001434088, holotype). b Calonarius nobilis (K-M 001434089, holotype). c Calonarius pacificus (K-M 001434090, holotype). d Calonarius pulcher (K-M 001434092, holotype). e Calonarius subcorrosus (K-M 001434093, holotype). Drawings: Tuula Niskanen. Scale bars: 10 µm
Figure 3 – The best scoring RAxML tree of the genera Calonarius and Mystinarius based on the ITS region. Related sequences were retrieved from GenBank. Twenty-five specimens were included in the analysis of the ITS region which comprises 663 characters after alignment. The tree is rooted with Mystinarius. Estimated base frequencies were: A=0.246760, C=0.199165, G=0.201141, T=0.352933; substitution rates AC=0.954938, AG=3.189949, AT=1.426518, CG=0.990207, CT=5.977045, GT=1.000000, gamma distribution shape parameter α=0.312392. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values higher than 50% are given at the nodes. The holotype specimens retrieved from the GenBank are in bold and black. The new species are in bold and blue. The subgenus of the species is indicated after the collection/GenBank no. of each specimen