Calonarius nobilis Niskanen & Liimat., sp. nov.
Index Fungorum number: IF 900301; Mycobank number: MB 900301; Facesoffungi number: FoF 14858; Figs. 1b, 2b, 3
Etymology – The species is rare and included in the red list e.g. in Sweden, thus the name nobilis meaning nobel, distinct.
Holotype – K-M 001434089.
Pileus 3–8 cm in diam, at first hemispherical, then low convex to almost plane, at first greenish yellow, soon greenish yellow brown, viscid. Lamellae crowded, greenish yellow. Stipe 4–7 cm long, 1–2 cm thick at the apex, with a marginate bulb, greenish yellow with some purplish tint. Context in most parts with white with a purplish tint, except in the bulb and cortex bright greenish yellow. Universal veil greenish yellow, on the margin of the bulb. Mycelium white to yellow. Odour slightly yeast-like. KOH-reaction on pileus, on context of the base of the stipe, and mycelium red. Basidiospores (11.5–)12–13.5(–14)× 8–9 µm, broadly citriform, moderately coarsely verrucose. Some basidia with dark brownish purplish-red contents. ITS sequence (GenBank ON843393, ex holotype) distinct from other members of Calonarius and with 96% similarity to the closest known species.
Habitat and distribution – In coniferous forests on calcareous ground and so far known from Europe: Estonia, Finland, France, Germany and Spain.
Material examined – Estonia, Hiiumaa, Pÿhalepa, NE of Suuremõisa, Vahtrepa, Kallaste pank, dryish to damp grass-herb Picea forest with Pinus, Corylus, Betula, Populus tremula and deciduous bushes under the precipice, 17 Sepetember 2001, T. Niskanen, I. Kytövuori 01-0051 (H). FINLAND, Ahvenanmaa, Jomala, Önningby, N of Södervik, mesic (to moist) spruce (Picea abies) forest with some Pinus sylvestris and Betula on calcareous ground, 27 October 2006, K. Liimatainen, T. Niskanen 06–312, 001434089 (holotype in K-M; isotype in H).
GenBank numbers – IK01-0051: ITS=ON843432; TN06-312: ITS=ON843393.
Note – Typical characters for Calonarius nobilis are the greenish yellow colours in pileus, lamellae, stipe and universal veil combined with a purplish tint on stipe and context of the pileus and stipe, at least when young. The spores are broadly citriform and large. The species belongs to C. subgenus Calonarius and has previously been called C. cedretorum in the Nordic countries.
Figure 1 – Basidiomes of the species of the genus Calonarius. a Calonarius caesiofulvus (K-M 001434088, holotype). b Calonarius nobilis (K-M 001434089, holotype). c Calonarius pacificus (K-M 001434090, holotype). d Calonarius pulcher (K-M 001434092, holotype). e Calonarius subcorrosus (K-M 001434093, holotype). Photographs: a Matthew E. Smith, b–e Kare Liimatainen
Figure 2 – Basidiomes of the species of the genus Calonarius. a Calonarius caesiofulvus (K-M 001434088, holotype). b Calonarius nobilis (K-M 001434089, holotype). c Calonarius pacificus (K-M 001434090, holotype). d Calonarius pulcher (K-M 001434092, holotype). e Calonarius subcorrosus (K-M 001434093, holotype). Drawings: Tuula Niskanen. Scale bars: 10 µm
Figure 3 – The best scoring RAxML tree of the genera Calonarius and Mystinarius based on the ITS region. Related sequences were retrieved from GenBank. Twenty-five specimens were included in the analysis of the ITS region which comprises 663 characters after alignment. The tree is rooted with Mystinarius. Estimated base frequencies were: A=0.246760, C=0.199165, G=0.201141, T=0.352933; substitution rates AC=0.954938, AG=3.189949, AT=1.426518, CG=0.990207, CT=5.977045, GT=1.000000, gamma distribution shape parameter α=0.312392. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values higher than 50% are given at the nodes. The holotype specimens retrieved from the GenBank are in bold and black. The new species are in bold and blue. The subgenus of the species is indicated after the collection/GenBank no. of each specimen