Annulatascales M.J. D’souza, Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. 72(1): 212 (2015)

MycoBank number: MB 551133; Index Fungorum number: IF 551133; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00620;

Annulatascales comprises a single family Annulatascaceae and currently five genera are confirmed with molecular data (Zhang et al. 2017a; Fig. 3). The phylogenetic relationship of this family is inferred mainly using LSU gene data as ITS and SSU genes are available for only a few taxa. More genes generated from fresh collections are needed to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Annulatascales species. Paoayensis clustered in Annulatascaceae in our phylogenetic analyses, but we consider that it should not belong to this family because of its 2–6- spored asci and absence of large ring, which is different from familial concept of Annulatascaceae, and its weak bootstrap support in Annulatascaceae. The placement of Annulatascus nilensis (phylogenetically distant from other Annulatascus species) also warrant further investigations (Fig. 3). Fresh collections of this taxon are also needed. The divergence time for Annulatascales has been estimated as 112 MYA (Fig. 2). Currently there is one family and 11 genera in this order (this paper).

Figure 2 – The maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree, using the same dataset from Fig. 1. This analysis was performed in BEAST v1.10.2. The crown age of Sordariomycetes was set with Normal distribution, mean = 250, SD = 30, with 97.5% of CI = 308.8 MYA, and crown age of Dothideomycetes with Normal distribution mean = 360, SD = 20, with 97.5% of CI = 399 MYA. The substitution models were selected based on jModeltest2.1.1; GTR+I+G for LSU, rpb2 and SSU, and TrN+I+G for tef1 (the model TrN is not available in BEAUti 1.10.2, thus we used TN93). Lognormal distribution of rates was used during the analyses with uncorrelated relaxed clock model. The Yule process tree prior was used to model the speciation of nodes in the topology with a randomly generated starting tree. The analyses were performed for 100 million generations, with sampling parameters every 10000 generations. The effective sample sizes were checked in Tracer v.1.6 and the acceptable values are higher than 200. The first 20% representing the burn-in phase were discarded and the remaining trees were combined in LogCombiner 1.10.2., summarized data and estimated in TreeAnnotator 1.10.2. Bars correspond to the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. The scale axis shows divergence times as millions of years ago (MYA).

Figure 2 – Continued.

Figure 2 – Continued.

Figure 3 – Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and rpb2 sequence data of Diaporthomycetidae. One hundred and ninety-three strains are included in the combined analyses which comprised 3545 characters (859 characters for LSU, 972 characters for SSU, 659 characters for ITS) after alignment. Single gene analyses were carried out and the topology of each tree had clade stability. Tree topology of the maximum likelihood analysis is similar to the Bayesian analysis. The best RaxML tree with a final likelihood value of – 68207.368884 is presented. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.248206, C = 0.241993, G = 0.285500, T = 0.224301; substitution rates AC = 1.369088, AG = 2.887040, AT = 1.413053, CG = 1.152137, CT = 6.303994, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter a = 0.315782. Bootstrap support values for ML greater than 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 0.95 are given near the nodes. The tree is rooted with Diatrype disciformis (AFTOL-ID 927). Ex-type strains are in bold. The newly generated sequences are indicated in blue.

Figure 3 – Continued.

Figure 3 – Continued.

Figure 3 – Continued.

Families